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为探索元宝枫(Acer truncatum)种群间和种群内的表型变异程度和变异规律,以元宝枫主要分布区内15个天然种群150个单株的13个种实性状为研究材料,采用巢氏方差分析、多重比较等分析方法,分析元宝枫种群间和种群内的表型多样性及其与地理生态因子间的相关性。结果表明:元宝枫果实、种子性状在种群内、种群间存在丰富的变异,各种实性状在种群内、种群间均具有极显著差异;元宝枫种群间表型分化系数为19.87%,种群内变异(80.13%)大于种群间变异(19.87%),种群内变异是变异的主要来源;元宝枫各性状平均变异系数为13.34%,变异幅度为8.98%~21.45%,种群间种子性状的平均变异系数(11.46%)低于种群间翅果性状的平均变异系数(14.52%),表明种子性状的稳定性高于果实性状。主成分分析结果显示,果实形态对元宝枫种群表型的贡献率大于种子贡献率。性状间相关性分析结果显示,翅果越大则种子越大,果翅角度性状与果实、种子大小皆无显著关系,推测其为独立因子。果实形态变异主要表现为经向变异,而种子性状无显著变异。利用种群间聚类分析将元宝枫15个种群分为三大类群。种群间与种群内多层次的变异模式为元宝枫种质资源保护与利用提供依据。
In order to explore the degree and variation of phenotypic variation in populations and populations of Acer truncatum, 13 seed-types of 15 natural populations from 15 natural populations in the main distribution areas of Acer truncatum were used as experimental materials. Analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were used to analyze the phenotypic diversity within and among populations of Acer truncatum and its correlation with geographical ecological factors. The results showed that the fruit and seed traits of Acer truss seedling were rich in variation within the population and among the populations. All the actual traits had significant differences among the populations and among the populations. The phenotypic differentiation coefficient of the seedlings was 19.87% Variation (80.13%) was greater than inter-population variation (19.87%). Variation within the population was the main source of variation. The average coefficient of variation of each traits was 13.34% and the variation ranged from 8.98% to 21.45%. The average variation of seed traits The coefficient (11.46%) was lower than the average coefficient of variation (14.52%) of the fingered fruit among the populations, indicating that the stability of the seed was higher than that of the fruit. The principal component analysis showed that the contribution of fruit morphology to the phenotype of Acer cambogia was larger than the contribution of seeds. The correlation analysis of the traits showed that the bigger the samarus, the larger the seeds, and the angle-fruit traits had no significant relationship with the fruit and the seed size, suggesting that it was an independent factor. Morphological variation of fruit mainly manifested as meridional variation without obvious variation of seed traits. The 15 populations of Acer Stocks were divided into three groups using cluster analysis. The multi-level variation patterns among populations and within populations provide the basis for the conservation and utilization of A. nipponica germplasm resources.