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目的了解武汉市职业人群的职业健康损害情况,为职业病预防工作重点提供科学依据。方法对2014年来武汉市职业病防治院进行在岗期间职业健康检查的245家企业35 622名职工的健康检查结果进行分析,探讨职业健康损害在不同经济类型企业、不同规模企业及不同行业间的分布情况。结果在岗期间职业健康检查未检出职业病患者,检出职业健康复查人员1 193名,占总检查人数的3.35%;职业禁忌证806名,占总检查人数的2.26%。不同经济类型、不同企业规模及不同行业间的职业健康检查结果差异有统计学意义。私营企业接触化学因素作业者、内资企业接触物理因素者及中小型企业、化学化工业、电气机械及器材制造业接触有害因素作业者职业健康复查率较高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。职业禁忌证主要发生在噪声、铅、苯、粉尘、高温、职业机动车驾驶、电工、压力容器、高处作业人员中。结论武汉市职业健康危害发生范围广泛,应根据其在不同经济类型、不同规模企业及不同行业间的分布情况,采取针对性措施,控制关键环节,最大限度地保障广大劳动者的职业健康权益。
Objective To understand the occupational health damage of occupational groups in Wuhan and provide a scientific basis for the prevention of occupational diseases. Methods The health examination results of 35,622 workers in 245 enterprises in occupational health examination during occupational safety in Wuhan during 2014 were analyzed to explore the distribution of occupational health damage among different economic types of enterprises, different scale enterprises and different industries . Results During occupational health examination, no occupational disease patients were detected, and 1 193 occupational health examinations were detected, accounting for 3.35% of the total number of examinations; 806 occupational contraindications, accounting for 2.26% of the total number of examinations. There are significant differences in occupational health examination results among different economic types, different enterprises and different industries. Occupational health check-ups were higher for private enterprises exposed to chemical factors, exposure to physical factors by domestic-funded enterprises, and exposure to harmful factors in small and medium-sized enterprises, chemical and chemical industries, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industries (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Occupational taboos occur mainly in noise, lead, benzene, dust, high temperature, occupational motor vehicle driving, electrician, pressure vessel, height workers. Conclusion The occupational health hazards in Wuhan occur in a wide range. According to the distribution of occupational health hazards among different economic types, enterprises of different scales and different industries, targeted measures should be taken to control the key links so as to ensure the occupational health rights and interests of the vast numbers of workers to the maximum.