[目的]探寻产品质量监督型计数抽样检查(监督抽检)法开展县级区域适龄儿童接种率监测的可行性。[方法]选择2004年卫生部组织开展的儿童预防接种率调查(PPS法)资料,试用GB/T14162-1993监督抽检方案[n;r](α≈0.05),实施3阶段等概率抽样预防接种率监测。[结果]运用[50;13]监测某区的12月龄儿童卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破疫苗、麻疹疫苗和乙肝疫苗(“五苗”)接种率达97.5%;各苗的接种率均达99%以上,乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率达75%以上(单苗接种率监测采用GB/T14437-1997抽检方案)。该结果与PPS法调查结果相近或一致,但样本量只有PPS法的1/4。[结论]运用监督抽检法开展县级区域适龄儿童预防接种率监测是可行的,其优点是样本量小和监测结果可信度高。建议今后运用该法经常性地开展县级区域适龄儿童预防接种率监测。 [Objective] The research aimed to explore the feasibility of carrying out product quality supervision count sampling (supervised sampling) method to monitor the coverage rate of school-age children in county level. [Methods] The data of PPS investigation conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2004 were selected and probed with the supervision sampling program [n; r] (α ≈ 0.05) by GB / T14162-1993. Three stage equal probability sampling vaccination Rate monitoring. [Results] The inoculation rate of BCG vaccine, poliomyelitis vaccine, diphtheria toxoid vaccine, measles vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine ( “five seedlings ”) in 12-month-old children in a certain area was monitored by [50; Of the vaccination rate reached more than 99%, the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine timely vaccination rate of 75% (single seedling vaccination rate monitoring using GB / T14437-1997 sampling program). This result is similar to or consistent with the PPS survey, but the sample size is only 1/4 of the PPS method. [Conclusion] It is feasible to use supervised sampling method to monitor the vaccination rate of school-age children in county-level regions. The advantages of this method are small sample size and high reliability of monitoring results. It is suggested that this law should be used regularly to monitor the vaccination rate of school-age children in county-level regions in the future.