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清代以来鄂西南清江航运的兴盛促进了区域性船工组织的发育,并形成了经济活动与自然紧密贴合、区域社会网络与超区域体系密切衔接的流域社会。1980年代之后,清江梯级开发,大坝的修筑使得清江从自然“流域”转变成人工“库区”。伴随着清江航运的衰落、船工组织的解散,流域社会瓦解,原子化的村落和个体化的家户依赖对周遭山水的“资源化”开发,直接进入全球化市场体系,形成人对区域社会和自然的双重“脱嵌”。高山蔬菜种植和网箱养鱼作为两个典型案例,显示出双重“脱嵌”的生态后果和社会后果。清江流域的社会变迁为反思发展问题提供了新的启发。
The rise of Qingjiang Shipping in southwest Hubei Province since the Qing Dynasty promoted the development of regional ship-based organizations and formed a river basin society in which economic activities are closely linked with nature and the regional social networks are closely linked with the super-regional system. After the 1980s, Qingjiang cascade development, dam construction makes Qingjiang from natural “basin ” into artificial “reservoir ”. With the decline of the Qingjiang shipping, the dissolution of the shipping industry and the collapse of the river basin society, the atomized villages and the individualized households relied on the exploitation of the “natural resources” of the surrounding landscapes and directly entered the globalized market system to form a human-to-region Social and natural dual “off-embedded ”. As a typical case of mountain vegetable cultivation and cage fish culture, it shows the ecological and social consequences of double “de-embedding ”. The social changes in the Qingjiang River Basin provide a new inspiration for reflecting on the development issues.