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一、概述在大型混凝土坝的研究和设计中,模型试验具有第一位重要性.依据试验成果,不仅可以改进初步设计,更重要的是可以对坝和基础联合工作的整体三维结构的强度和安全度进行驶证和预测.近二十多年来,由于广泛应用有限元计算法,采用不断增加容量的计算机,使数学模型分析得到了推广和完善.与此同时,结构模型试验在设计中所起的作用也不断地变化和发展.由于结构模型的独特优点是能够揭示结构物的系统的工作状态,包括弹性、塑性至破坏的全过程,而数学模型则达不到这个目的.而且,随着现代科学技术的发展和测试水平的提高,结构模型试验仍然充当某种特定的作用,并可与数学模型分析相互补充,是设计工程师所不可缺少的一种有效的分析手段.特别是在许多极为重要的复杂的坝工结构中,必须利用结构模型试验去分析坝体或坝与基础联合工作的变形和破坏机理,去验证计算分析所预期的工作性能.
I. Overview In the research and design of large concrete dams, the model test has the first importance.According to the test results, not only the preliminary design can be improved, but more importantly, the strength of the overall three-dimensional structure that can work together with the foundation and Safety of the pilot and forecasting.In the past two decades, due to the extensive use of finite element method, the use of increasing capacity of the computer, the mathematical model has been popularized and improved analysis.At the same time, structural model test in the design The role played by the continuous changes and development.Because the unique advantages of the structural model is able to reveal the working state of the structure of the system, including the whole process of elasticity, plasticity to destruction, but the mathematical model can not achieve this purpose.Moreover, With the development of modern science and technology and the improvement of testing level, structural model testing still plays a special role and can complement each other with mathematical model analysis, which is an indispensable and effective analytical tool for design engineers. In many of the most important complex dam structures, structural model tests must be used to analyze the effect of dam or dam work in conjunction with the foundation Shaped and failure mechanism, computational analysis to verify the expected performance.