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一、生产与消费统一是社会再生产矛盾运动的客观要求生产、分配、交换、消费是社会再生产过程的四个坏节。它们相互之间的矛盾运动构成社会再生产的统一体。生产和消费则是其中两个最基本的要素,它们之间的矛盾运动构成了再生产的基础。人类要生存,就必须消费,而要取得必要的消费资料就必须生产。生产是手段,消费是目的。消费的“需求决定着生产”(《导言》单行本22页)。同时,生产又决定着消费的水平、消费的性质和消费的方式。生产对消费的作用,人们比较熟知,比较重视。但往往忽视消费对生产的反作用。在《导言》中,马克思从生产和消费对立统一的矛盾运动中,阐述了生产对消费的决定作用。同时,又精辟地概括了消费对生产的强大反作用。那就是:
First, the unification of production and consumption is an objective requirement of contradictions in social reproduction Production, distribution, exchange and consumption are the four bad sectors of the social reproduction process. Their contradictory movements constitute the unity of social reproduction. Production and consumption are two of the most basic elements, and the contradiction between them constitutes the basis of reproduction. Human beings must survive when they want to survive, and they must produce before they can obtain necessary consumption data. Production is a means of consumption is the purpose. The “demand of consumption determines the production” (“Introduction” on page 22). At the same time, production determines the level of consumption, the nature of consumption, and the manner of consumption. The role of production on consumption, people are more familiar with, pay more attention. However, the reactionary effects of consumption on production are often overlooked. In the “Introduction”, Marx elaborates the decisive role of production in consumption in the contradictory movement of opposites of production and consumption. At the same time, it brilliantly summarizes the powerful counterproductive effect of consumption on production. That is: