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采用“oddball”实验任务范式和“专家—新手”实验设计方法,研究乒乓球运动员在利用单一特征信息图片判断发球旋转方式的过程中,大脑认知加工过程的脑电活动特征。结果发现:乒乓球二级运动员(专家)和专项大学生(新手)在各个脑区的激活顺序和激活程度存在明显的不同,大脑皮层的枕区诱发出比较明显的C1和P1成分,大脑皮层的中央区诱发出比较明显的N1成分,额区、中央区、顶区、枕区诱发出比较明显的P3成分;乒乓球运动员对单一特征信息感知阶段,大脑皮层激活程度较高,体现了长期运动训练导致运动员大脑可塑性变化,表现为对与专项运动相关的刺激物理特征十分敏感;乒乓球运动员对单一特征信息识别阶段,大脑皮层激活程度较高,识别速度快,投入的心理资源较多。
Using “oddball” experimental task paradigm and “expert - novice” experimental design method, this paper studies the characteristics of electroencephalogram of brain cognitive process in the process of ping pong athlete judging the rotation of serve with single characteristic information picture. The results showed that there was a significant difference in activation order and activation between table tennis second-class athletes (specialists) and special college students (novices) in all brain regions. The cerebral cortex pillow area induced obvious C1 and P1 components, The central area induced obvious N1 component. The frontal area, central area, apical area and occipital area induced obvious P3 component. The pingpong athlete had a higher degree of activation in the cerebral cortex for the single characteristic information sensing stage, which reflected the long-term exercise Training leads to changes in the plasticity of the athletes’ brains, which is very sensitive to the physical characteristics of the stimuli related to the special sports. For the stage of single characteristic information recognition, the ping pong athletes have a higher degree of activation in the cortex, faster recognition and more psychological resources.