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近二、三十年来,由于在显微外科、器官保存以及免疫方面所取得的成就,器官移植术进展迅速。目前,肾移植术已比较成熟,成为挽救一些终末期肾病患者的重要手段。自六十年代以来,肝、心、肺、胰等器官移植也相继应用于临床,有的已取得可喜的成绩,现在也许可以这样讲,在外科技术上,除中枢神经系统外,要移植任何器官看来都是可能的。但人类同种异体器官来源不易,器官的保存,尤其是长期保存,还有不少问题需要解决。移植器官是否能长期存活,关键在于能不能攻克免疫排斥这一关。有关器官移植免疫学方面的文献资料很多,无法在一篇文章内全面论述,现仅就与临床密切相关的几个问题简介如下。
In the last two or three decades, organ transplantation has progressed rapidly due to the achievements made in microsurgery, organ preservation and immunization. At present, kidney transplantation has been relatively mature, as an important means to save some patients with end-stage renal disease. Since the 1960s, liver, heart, lung, pancreas and other organ transplants have also been used in clinical practice, and some have made gratifying achievements. Now it may be said that in the surgical technique, in addition to the central nervous system, we must transplant any Organ appears to be possible. However, the source of human allogeneic organ is not easy, organ preservation, especially long-term preservation, there are still many problems to be solved. Transplant organ whether long-term survival, the key lies in the ability to overcome this immune rejection. The literature on organ transplantation immunology many, can not be fully discussed in an article, now only a few closely related to clinical briefings are as follows.