目的:探索宽恕水平对攻击行为的影响,以及马基雅维里主义特质对这两者关系的调节作用;方法:采用随机整群抽样法在某大学抽取577名大学生为被试,使用人际侵犯动机量表(TRIM-12)、Buss和Perry攻击问卷中文版(AQ-CV)和黑暗十二条量表(DD)问卷进行调查。结果:男性被试的马基雅维里主义、报复因子、身体攻击和言语攻击得分显著高于女性被试;马基雅维里主义与报复因子、回避因子、身体攻击、言语攻击(仅男性被试)、敌意和指向自我的攻击显著正相关,而报复因子与身体攻击、言语攻击、敌意和指向自我的攻击显著正相关,回避因子与身体攻击和指向自我的攻击(仅女性被试)正向相关;马基雅维里主义与报复因子的相关系数女性被试高于男性被试,马基雅维里主义与言语攻击相关系数男性被试高于女性被试;马基雅维里主义特质可负向调节回避因子对身体攻击和言语攻击的预测作用;结论:管控大学生的攻击行为,不仅要提高其宽恕水平,并设法降低其马基雅维里主义倾向,而且要注意性别差异。 Objective: To explore the impact of the level of forgiveness on aggression and the regulating role of Machiavellian traits in the relationship between the two.Methods: Using random cluster sampling method, 577 college students were selected as subjects in a university to use the interpersonal motivation TRIM-12, Buss and Perry Attack Questionnaire Chinese Version (AQ-CV) and Darkness 12 Questionnaire (DD) questionnaires. Results: The Machiavianism, retaliation factor, body attack and verbal aggression scores of male subjects were significantly higher than those of female subjects; Machiavellianism and retaliation factors, avoidance factors, physical attacks, verbal attacks (male subjects only) There was a significant positive correlation between hostility and self-directed attacks, while retaliation factors were significantly and positively correlated with physical attacks, verbal attacks, hostile attacks and self-directed attacks. Avoidance factors were positively correlated with physical attacks and self-directed attacks (only female subjects) The correlation coefficient between Machiavellianism and retaliation factors was higher in female subjects than in male subjects. The correlation coefficient between Machiavellianism and speech attacks was higher in male subjects than in female subjects; Machiavellian trait negatively adjusted the avoidance factor to body Attack and verbal attacks. CONCLUSIONS: The control of undergraduates’ attacks must not only increase their levels of forgiveness but also try to reduce their Machiavellian tendencies, as well as pay attention to gender differences.