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目的了解非结核分支杆菌（ＮＴＭ）肺病的临床特点。方法对１９８１～１９９６年间痰抗酸杆菌培养阳性５５９２例中，经菌型鉴定证明为ＮＴＭ肺病者１７３例中资料较完整的９６例进行回顾性分析。结果按Ｒｕｎｙｏｎ分类法，９６例中感染Ｉ型堪萨斯分支杆菌１４例、海分支杆菌１例，感染Ⅱ型瘰疬分支杆菌４例，感染Ⅲ型鸟胞内分支杆菌２３例，感染Ⅳ型龟分支杆菌２４例、偶发分支杆菌３０例。病程在１０年以上者占３１％。主要症状依次为咳嗽（７８％）、咳痰（７１％）、咯血（５８％）和发热（２６％）。Ｘ线胸片示两侧受累占５７％，单侧占４２％，右侧占２７％，左侧占１５％，无病灶者占１％。除１例未获耐药资料外，余９５例ＮＴＭ总耐药率９６％，其中Ｉ型９３％，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型分别为５０％、１００％、１００％。１５例Ｉ型ＮＴＭ肺病化疗后１４例痰菌阴转，２３例Ⅲ型、５４例Ⅳ型ＮＴＭ肺病化疗后痰菌阴转分别为６（２６％）、１４（２６％）例，４例Ⅱ型瘰疬分支杆菌肺病临床资料欠完整。结论ＮＴＭ肺病患者病程长，症状不特异，耐药率高，抗结核治疗疗效差。
Objective To understand the clinical features of non-tuberculosis (NTM) pulmonary disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out among the 5592 positive sputum acid-fast bacilli cultures from 1981 to 1996 and the more complete data of 96 cases with NTM-lung disease confirmed by bacterial identification. Results According to the Runyon classification, 96 cases were infected with 14 strains of mycobacterium Kansas I, 1 case of Mycobacterium maritime, 4 cases of mycobacterium type Ⅱ infection, 23 cases of type Ⅲ avian mycobacterium, 24 cases of mycobacteria and 30 cases of sporadic mycobacteria. The duration of more than 10 years accounted for 31%. The main symptoms were cough (78%), sputum (71%), hemoptysis (58%) and fever (26%). X-ray showed involvement of both sides accounted for 57%, 42% unilateral, right 27%, left 15%, no lesions accounted for 1%. In addition to 1 case of non-resistant data, 95 cases of NTM total drug resistance rate of 96%, of which 93% of type I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ were 50%, 100%, 100%. The sputum negative conversion rates were 14 (26%) in 14 cases (26%), and 14 cases (Ⅱ) in 54 cases of type Ⅲ NTM after chemotherapy. Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical data less complete. Conclusion Long course of NTM patients with lung disease, the symptoms are not specific, high resistance rate, anti-TB treatment is poor.