Joint insolation and ice sheet/CO2 forcing on northern China precipitation during Pliocene warmth

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East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation affects the lives of billions of people and impacts the stability of fragile desert ecosystems in central Asia [1].Therefore, many studies have focused on understanding the variability of the EASM and its relationship with insolation, ice sheet, and CO2 forcings [1-3].Evidence for EASM variability is preserved in the eolian dust sequences on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), which highlight the importance of Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice sheets, CO2 levels, and insolation in controlling the strength of the EASM during the Quaternary [2].In contrast, Pliocene (5.3-2.6 Ma) proxy records of the EASM from the CLP reveal weak orbital signals, suggesting weak sensitivity to ice sheets, CO2 levels, and insolation forcing during this sustained warm period [4].These Pliocene proxy records also contrast model simulations which suggest high sensitivity of the EASM to orbital forcing (particularly precession) during this time [5].
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