原苏联国内外运输机械制造业的经验说明,铝合金以其物理性能(低密度、良好的工艺性能、足够的强度,等等)而在车辆结构中获得了广泛应用。采用铝合金制作的车辆与传统形式的结构相比,具有一系列优越性:金属消耗量低,因而可在不改变轴重的情况下提高其载重量;耐蚀性和运用可靠性均较高;有可能在专门规定的装配和焊接处建成采用大型板材和其它各种截面的合理型材的大块结构,因此,可以大大减轻装配和焊接的工作量以及车辆制造的劳动量。最近几年来,在苏联国内车辆制造业中,在建立采用铝和铝合金的车辆结构方面 The experience of the former Soviet Union’s transportation machinery manufacturing industry at home and abroad shows that aluminum alloys are widely used in vehicle structures due to their physical properties (low density, good process performance, sufficient strength, etc.). Compared with the traditional structure, the vehicles made of aluminum alloy have a series of advantages: the metal consumption is low, thus the load capacity can be increased without changing the axle load; the corrosion resistance and the reliability of operation are high ; It is possible to build massive structures with well-shaped plates and other reasonable sections of various cross-sections at specially designed assemblies and welds, thereby greatly reducing the amount of assembly and welding effort and the amount of labor that a vehicle makes. In recent years, in the domestic automobile manufacturing industry in the Soviet Union, in the establishment of a vehicle structure using aluminum and aluminum alloy