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十六届四中全会明确将提高构建社会主义和谐社会的能力规定为加强党的执政建设任务之一，这是党的几代领导长期探索形成的认识，是新时期党的执政理念创新的体现。提高构建社会主义和谐社会的能力，关键是提高正确处理新形势下人民内部矛盾的能力。为此，要把握社会主义初级阶段的主要矛盾，满足人民日益增长的需要；要掌握“和而不同”原则，使全体人民各尽其能，各得其所；要促进社会公平和正义，促使公平与效率动态平衡；要使改革力度、发展速度和社会的可承受度协调统一；最重要的是确立和实践“以人为本”的科学发展观。
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee explicitly stipulates the ability to improve the building of a harmonious socialist society as one of the tasks for strengthening the party’s governance. This is the realization that the leadership of the party’s generations of leaders have probed and formed in a long time and is the embodiment of innovations in the ruling philosophy in the new era . The key to improving the ability to build a harmonious socialist society is to enhance the ability to correctly handle the contradictions among the people under the new situation. To this end, we must grasp the major contradictions in the initial stage of socialism and meet the people’s growing needs. We should grasp the principle of “harmony and difference” so that all people will do their best and work their own ways. We should promote social fairness and justice and promote fairness and efficiency Dynamic equilibrium; to make the reform efforts, the pace of development and the social affordability of harmony; the most important thing is to establish and implement the “people-oriented” concept of scientific development.