An analysis of vascularity and neovascularization in surgical pathology materials of breast carcinom

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Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women and its morbidity has recently increased in many parts of the world[1]. Numerous factors have been reported to be associated with development of breast cancer including angiogenesis. Angiogenesis or the formation of new blood vessel networks, not only plays a pivotal role in human normal development, but also in pathophysiological conditions such as inflammatory diseases and neoplasms[2], which consists of multiple coordinated, sequential and interdependent steps[3]. The angiogenic program requires the degeneration of the basement membrane, endothelial cells migration and invasion of the extracellular matrix, with endothelial cell proliferation and capillary lumen formation before maturation and stabilization of the new vasculature[3]. Results of previous studies demonstrated that normal breast adjacent to malignant breast induced angiogenesis twice as frequently as did tissues from non neoplastic breast, suggesting that the angiogenic switch occurs before morphological changes are discernible[3-4]. In addition, angiogenesis precedes, and is considered to be required for tumor progression and metastasis[5]. When a new tumor reaches the size of 1-2 mm, its growth requires the induction of new blood vessels, which may consequently lead to the development of metastases, via the penetration of malignant cells into the circulation[5].
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