论文部分内容阅读
遗址资源域分析(Site Catchment Analysis)已被广泛应用于对史前经济和人类行为模式的研究中,有别于西方普遍采用的“遗址外”(off-site)研究模式,本文提倡一种以“遗址内”(on-site)为核心的研究方法。主要通过遗址所见大植物遗存,结合古环境研究成果,模拟复原当时的植被分布,进而讨论遗址资源域及其反映的生业经济特点。第一个案例是长江下游的田螺山遗址,属于河姆渡文化(6900～6500cal.aB.P.),分析表明:早期的水稻栽培活动是长期伴生于采集经济模式中的;当时的采集经济具有广域性、专门性、季节性和强调储存性等特点;这一时期聚落的选址会优先考虑生态环境的多样性,在步行一天的活动半径便可获得大部分植物资源,但也有一些资源分布于12小时半径之外,必须短期露营(可能与狩猎同时进行)方可获取。第二个案例是中原地区的颍河上游,分析以袁桥遗址为中心的仰韶文化聚落(6000cal.aB.P.):尽管2～3小时的步行范围内就有条件获取各类野生植物资源,仰韶文化时期的生业活动已经集中在更小空间范围内的作物栽培上。遗址资源域缩小、对小范围景观进行改造、聚落间产生土地分配和资源共享等社会关系问题——这些构成了农业聚落资源域的一般特点。比较两个案例,农业聚落的产生可以看作是一种景观环境上发生的变化。遗址资源域分析为我们提供了一个新的视角来理解早期农业社会的产生、发展及不同生业社会与周边景观的互动关系。
Site Catchment Analysis has been widely used in the study of prehistorical economic and human behavior patterns, and is different from the widely used “off-site” research model in the West. This paper advocates a Research methodology centered on the “on-site”. Mainly through the remains of large plants found in the ruins, combined with the results of paleoenvironment studies, simulating the vegetation distribution at that time, and then discuss the resources of the ruins and the economic characteristics of their jobs. The first case is the Tianluoshan site in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, belonging to the Hemudu culture (6900 ~ 6500 cal.aB.P.). The analysis shows that the early rice cultivation activities were associated with long-term acquisition of economic models; at that time, the collection economy was broad Regional, specialization, seasonal and emphasis on storage and so on. During this period, the location of settlements will give priority to the diversity of ecological environment. Most of the plant resources can be obtained from the active radius of the day on foot, but some resources are also distributed Outside the 12-hour radius, short-term camping (which may be done simultaneously with hunting) is required. The second case is the upper Yinghe River in the Central Plains. Analysis of the Yangshao Cultural Village (6000cal.aB.P.) Centering on the Yuanqiao site: Although it is possible to obtain various types of wild plant resources within a 2 to 3-hour walk Yangshao cultural activities during the period have been concentrated in a smaller space crop cultivation. The narrowing of the resource base of the ruins, the transformation of small-scale landscapes, the social relations of land distribution and resource sharing between settlements - all of which make up the general characteristics of agricultural settlement resources. Comparing the two cases, the emergence of agricultural settlement can be seen as a landscape environment changes. The analysis of the ruins resources domain provides us with a new perspective to understand the generation and development of early agricultural society and the interaction between different industries and the surrounding landscape.