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老年患者口腔状况的特殊性:(1)唾液少,口腔自洁能力差,易产生根面龋及邻面龋;(2)口腔黏膜薄,弹性差,易产生疼痛和溃疡;(3)牙周组织条件差。随机体老化,支持牙齿的牙周组织发生生理性退化,牙龈退缩,牙槽骨吸收,临床表现牙冠高,倒凹大,根分叉暴露,牙齿不同程度松动;(4)余留牙少且条件差;(5)因缺牙数目多而造成多间隙,同时缺牙时间长短不一,牙槽嵴出现高低不平;(6)牙面磨损大,牙冠变短,导致大部分牙齿过敏。面下1/3降低,甚至有颞颌关节症状;(7)咬合关系多不正常。修复治疗前需进行良好的沟通和口腔健康知识宣教。修复设计总原则:(1)前瞻性;(2)考虑全面;(3)综合设计,兼顾功能、舒适、美观及患者经济承受能力。修复设计形式:(1)固定类义齿:冠、桥等;(2)可摘类义齿:可摘局部义齿、覆盖义齿等;(3)固定+可摘类义齿:套筒冠义齿、磁附着体义齿、精密附着体义齿(MK1、栓道、球型、太极扣等);(4)种植义齿。修复形式的选择:老年人一般乐于采用固定修复,既稳固又不需自行取戴。对于少数牙缺失,基牙情况良好,可选择固定义齿修复,反之,基牙条件差或多数牙齿缺失患者,可采用可摘类义齿修复;随着种植义齿的日益成熟,对义齿要求较高、身体状况许可、经济条件较好的患者可考虑采用种植义齿进行修复。
(1) less saliva, poor oral self-cleaning ability, easy to produce root caries and adjacent caries; (2) oral mucosa is thin, poor flexibility, easy to produce pain and ulcers; (3) teeth Poor organization of the week. Aging of the body, supporting the periodontal tissues of the teeth to have physiological degeneration, gingival recession, alveolar bone resorption, clinical manifestations of high crown, inverted concave large, root bifurcated exposure, varying degrees of loose teeth; (4) Poor; (5) due to the number of missing teeth caused by multiple gaps, while the length of time missing teeth, alveolar ridge appear rugged; (6) tooth wear, crowns shorter, causing most of the teeth allergy. Face down 1/3, and even temporomandibular joint symptoms; (7) abnormal occlusal relationship. Need to carry out good communication and oral health knowledge before the repair treatment. The general principles of restoration and design: (1) forward-looking; (2) consider the comprehensive; (3) integrated design, taking into account functionality, comfort, beauty and patient affordability. Repair design forms: (1) fixed denture: crown, bridge, etc .; (2) removable denture: removable partial denture, overdenture, etc .; (3) fixed + removable denture: sleeve crown denture, magnetic attachment Denture body, precision attached denture (MK1, bolt, ball, tai chi, etc.); (4) Implant prosthesis. The choice of repair form: The elderly are generally willing to use a fixed repair, both solid and do not need to take their own wear. For a small number of missing teeth, the abutment in good condition, the choice of fixed denture repair, on the contrary, the poor abutment or most patients with missing teeth, removable dentures can be used to repair; with growing dentures require denture higher, Patients with good medical conditions may consider using implant dentures to repair them.