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经典误差理论通常采用样本均值、标准差或方差来表达观测量结果的准确度。对于某些动态测量中的观测量,其准确度往往不是被关注的重点,而是更希望了解其是否处于某个区间,从而导致经典误差理论不能很好地评价其测量结果。因此,该文就动态测量中的不确定度进行了研究。首先,根据动态测量的特点建立合适的数学模型;其次,通过灵敏系数的计算、概率分布、置信因子和自由度分析,以及对动态测量误差进行误差分离;最后,通过某工程沉降监测数据分析,对观测量的测量不确定度进行评定,从而阐释了该方法的实用性,说明了测量不确定度理论在沉降监测中的安全评价和指导意义。
Classical error theory usually uses the sample mean, standard deviation or variance to express the accuracy of the observed results. For some dynamic measurement of the observation, the accuracy is often not the focus of attention, but more hope to know whether it is in a certain range, resulting in the theory of classical error can not be a good evaluation of the measurement results. Therefore, the paper studies the uncertainty of dynamic measurement. First of all, based on the characteristics of the dynamic measurement, a suitable mathematical model is established. Secondly, by means of sensitivity coefficient calculation, probability distribution, confidence factor and degree of freedom analysis and error separation of dynamic measurement error, The measurement uncertainty of the observation is evaluated, which illustrates the practicability of the method and the safety evaluation and guidance significance of the measurement uncertainty theory in the settlement monitoring.