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目的:探讨改良多点引流法对肝移植术后胆道并发症的影响。方法:研究对象为2018年5月—2020年5月上海中医药大学附属曙光医院肝移植术后因胆道并发症行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP）治疗的125例患者。按EXCEL产生随机数字进行随机化分组：经内镜胆道内支架放置术（endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage，ERBD）（简称ERBD组）67例和ERBD联合经内镜鼻胆管引流术（endoscopic nasobiliary drainage，ENBD）（简称改良多点引流组）58例，再随机将改良多点引流组分成两组：鼻胆管引流1周后经内镜予以贴近十二指肠乳头开口处剪断（改良1组）31例，鼻胆管引流2周后经内镜予以贴近十二指肠乳头开口处剪断（改良2组）27例。比较ERBD组、改良1组和改良2组术后2周内血清学指标变化，分析近期及远期并发症的发生率。结果:ERCP术后1 d、7 d、14 d患者血清学指标均有改善，且改良多点引流组患者更为明显；术后2周，改良2组血清学指标改善情况更优于改良1组。ERBD组近期并发症胆管炎、高淀粉酶血症、胰腺炎的发生率高于改良1组［32.84%（22/67）比12.90%（4/31），46.27%（31/67）比19.35%（6/31），20.90%（14/67）比3.23%（1/31），n P均<0.05］及改良2组［32.84%（22/67）比11.11%（3/27），46.27%（31/67）比22.22%（6/27），20.90%（14/67）比3.70%（1/27），n P均<0.05］。ERBD组患者远期并发症反复胆系感染、黄疸的发生率高于改良1组［58.21%（39/67）比35.48%（11/31），n P=0.036；49.25%（33/67）比25.81%（8/31），n P=0.027］及改良2组［58.21%（39/67）比11.11%（3/27），n P<0.001；49.25%（33/67）比25.93%（7/27），n P=0.038）；改良1组患者反复胆系感染的发生率高于改良2组［35.48%（11/31）比11.11%（3/27），n P=0.030］。n 结论:肝移植术后因胆道并发症经ERCP行多点引流并留置鼻胆管可有效降低近期及远期并发症，并能促进血清学指标的恢复，建议鼻胆管留置2周后改造成内置管继续支撑引流。“,”Objective:To investigate the therapeutic value of modified multipoint drainage for biliary complications after liver transplantation.Methods:A total of 125 patients treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for biliary complications after liver transplantation in Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2018 to May 2020 were enrolled. Patients were divided into endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) group (n n=67, treated with multiple drainage of bile duct stent) and modified multipoint drainage group [n n=58, treated with ERBD combined with endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD)] by random number table. Modified multipoint drainage group were further randomly divided into two groups, modification group 1, 31 cases, where nasobiliary ducts were cut proximal to duodenal papilla after one week under endoscopy and modification group 2, 27 cases, where they were cut proximal to duodenal papilla after two weeks under endoscopy. The changes of serological indexes in 2 weeks after the operation in three groups were compared, and the incidence of short-term and long-term complications were analyzed.n Results:The serological indexes were improved in patients at 1 d, 7 d and 14 d after ERCP, especially in modified multipoint drainage groups. Two weeks after the operation, the improvement of serological indexes in modification group 2 was better than that in modification group 1. Incidence of recent complications including cholangitis, hyperamylasinemia, and pancreatitis in the ERBD group were higher than those in modification group 1 [32.84% (22/67) VS 12.90% (4/31), 46.27% (31/67) VS 19.35% (6/31), 20.90% (14/67) VS 3.23% (1/31), all n P<0.05] and modification group 2 [32.84% (22/67) VS 11.11% (3/27), 46.27% (31/67) VS 22.22% (6/27), 20.90% (14/67) VS 3.70% (1/27), alln P<0.05]. ERBD group had a higher incidence of long-term complications including recurrent biliary infection and jaundice than modification group 1 [ 58.21% (39/67) VS 35.48% (11/31),n P=0.036; 49.25% (33/67) VS 25.81% (8/31), n P=0.027] and modification group 2 [58.21% (39/67) VS 11.11% (3/27), n P<0.001; 49.25% (33/67) VS 25.93% (7/27),n P=0.038]. The incidence of recurrent biliary infection in modification group 1 was higher than that in modification group 2 [35.48% (11/31) VS 11.11% (3/27), n P=0.030].n Conclusion:Multiple drainage with indwelling nasal bile duct by ERCP can effectively reduce the short-term and long-term complications and improve the recovery of serological indexes for patients with biliary complications after liver transplantation. It is suggested that the nasobiliary duct should be retained for 2 weeks and then transformed into a built-in tube to continue drainage.