第二次世界大战给苏联造成了巨大的人口损失,这直接关系到苏联能否在战争废墟上站立起来、社会主义制度能否巩固等重大问题。为此,苏联力图乘与美国等盟国的合作尚未破裂之机,迅速将其难民、侨民与战俘全部遣返回国。初期的合作基本上是愉快的,然而随着苏美关系的不断恶化和冷战的全面爆发,美国对苏难民、侨民政策迅即做出重大调整,苏联难民、侨民的遣返处处受阻,大量人员留在了西欧或被重新安置到了美国。 The huge world population losses that the Second World War caused to the Soviet Union were directly related to the Soviet Union’s ability to stand on the ruins of the war and consolidate its socialist system. To this end, the Soviet Union has tried to promptly repatriate its refugees, expatriates and prisoners of war without any break with the cooperation with allied countries such as the United States. Initial cooperation was basically enjoyable. However, with the deteriorating relations between the United States and the Soviet Union and the all-out cold war, the U.S. policy on the refugees and expatriates made immediate and immediate adjustments. The repatriation of Soviet refugees and expatriates was blocked everywhere and a large number of personnel were left behind. West Europe or relocated to the United States.