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1 引言 随着核工业的发展,γ谱分析技术在很多领域得到广泛应用,其中有大量研究工作,像放射性废物处置研究中,对放射性核素在土壤中的迁移扩散研究,要通过测量土壤中发射出来、或穿过土壤的γ射线分析核素在土壤中的分布。γ射线经过土壤介质与土壤相互作用,射线束强度受到减弱,为了准确测定与土壤作用前γ射线的强度,必须考虑土壤对γ射线减弱的影响。问题的中心点集中在γ射线减弱系数上。 曾有文献报道国外土壤γ射线减弱系数的计算和测量工作,给出小于100keV和大于10MeV能区不同化学成分土壤的γ射线质量减弱系数有明显的差异。中国土壤种类很多,各种土
1 Introduction With the development of the nuclear industry, γ-ray spectroscopy has been widely used in many fields. Among them, there are a lot of researches, such as researches on radioactive waste disposal, the study on the migration and diffusion of radionuclides in soil, The emission of radionuclides, or gamma rays across the soil, analyzes the distribution of nuclides in the soil. The γ-ray interacts with the soil through soil media and the beam intensity is weakened. In order to accurately determine the intensity of γ-rays before soil interaction, we must consider the influence of soil on γ-ray attenuation. The focal point of the problem is concentrated on the γ-ray attenuation coefficient. It has been reported in the literature calculation and measurement of soil γ-ray attenuation coefficient abroad, given the obvious difference in γ-ray quality attenuation coefficient of soil with different chemical compositions in the energy range of less than 100keV and more than 10MeV. Many types of soil in China, all kinds of soil