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通过对亚当·斯密和马克思合作思想的追溯和比较,本文指出以亚当.斯密为代表的西方经济学从分工、交换的角度来研究合作,强调交换能力和交易费用对合作的影响。在弥补“经济人假说”和“看不见的手”的不足时,亚当·斯密将“同情”作为合作产生的基础。马克思则从生产力和生产关系的角度来研究合作,强调分配和所有制关系对合作的影响,认为人的发展、合作偏好随着生产方式的发展而共同演进,马克思以“生产方式”作为合作发展的基础。
Through retrospect and comparison of Adam Smith and Marx’s cooperative thoughts, this paper points out that Western economics, represented by Adam Smith, studies cooperation from the perspective of division of labor and exchange, emphasizing the influence of exchange capacity and transaction costs on cooperation. Adam Smith uses “sympathy” as the basis for cooperation in making up for the “economic hypothesis” and “invisible hand.” Marx studied cooperation from the perspective of productivity and production relations, emphasized the influence of distribution and ownership on cooperation, and considered that human development and cooperation preferences evolved together with the development of modes of production. Marx used “mode of production” as the cooperation The basis of development.