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在科技迅猛发展的今天,试管婴儿、克隆人等无性生殖手段给人类自由选择生育方式带来了极大自由,试管婴儿技术的进步,给那些不孕不育的人们提供了实现生儿育女梦想的机会。胚胎,当其在母体内时属于身体的一部分,但当它能以冷冻方式保存于体外而不再属于身体之时,由于它所具有的生命潜能,其法律属性在物与非物上也就产生了争议。本案作为我国首例冷冻胚胎权属纠纷案,当事人及人民法院在对冷冻胚胎的法律属性、能否被继承产生了巨大争议。首先,对于冷冻胚胎的法律属性,虽然冷冻胚胎具有生物学意义上的未来生命潜力,但其毕竟不具有社会学意义上的人的特征,脱离于人体之外。在其无法成为“人”的前提下,其仍应降在物的范围内,只不过因其具有伦理性,法律上应将其定义为伦理物。其次,既然冷冻胚胎是伦理物,其理应可以被继承、被处置等,只不过为了尊重冷冻胚胎含有的生命潜力、人格利益,因而继承人对冷冻胚胎行使相关权利必须受到一定限制,这也是基于对含有未来生命特征之物的尊重与保护。鉴于目前,人工生殖技术的广泛应用,无可避免将会带来更多的法律纠纷,因此在立法上有必要对冷冻胚胎的法律属性以及权利归属等相关问题作出明确规定。
In today’s rapid development of science and technology, the means of asexual reproduction, such as test-tube baby and human cloning, bring great freedom to mankind’s freedom of choice of childbearing. Advances in IVF technology have provided people who have infertility with childbearing mothers Dream opportunity. An embryo, when it is in the mother’s body, is part of the body, but when it is stored frozen in the body and no longer belongs to the body, its legal attributes are both physical and non-physical because of its potential to live Controversial The case as China’s first case of frozen embryo ownership dispute, the parties and the people’s court in the frozen embryo legal attributes, can be inherited a huge controversy. First of all, for the legal attributes of frozen embryos, frozen embryos, after all, do not possess the sociological meaning of human beings and are outside the human body, although they have the potential biological potential in the future. Under the premise that it can not become a “human being”, it should still fall within the scope of things, but because of its ethical nature, it should be legally defined as ethical material. Secondly, since frozen embryos are ethical things, they should be inherited and disposed of. However, in order to respect the life potential and personality benefits contained in frozen embryos, there are certain restrictions on the rights of heirs to exercise frozen embryos. This is also based on Respect and protection of things that contain future life characteristics. In view of the fact that the widespread application of artificial reproductive technology will inevitably bring about more legal disputes, it is necessary to make a legislative definition on the legal attributes of frozen embryos and the related issues such as attribution of rights.