中国社会转型始于1840年，在上百年外部科技胁迫下不得不洞开国门走向现代化的中国开始了复杂而艰难的转型，并为了文明之次第推进和地域差异，使得社会转型凸显出明显的“纵向时间差”和“横向地域差”。一方面，中国东部和多数大中型城市，自十九世纪下半叶起即举步维艰地逐 China’s social transformation began in 1840 with the complex and difficult transformation of China, which had to open its doors to modernization under the threat of external scientific and technological efforts for hundreds of years. In order to promote civilization and promote regional differences, social transformation highlighted the “longitudinal Time difference ”and“ Lateral territorial difference. ” On the one hand, the eastern part of China and most large and medium-sized cities have been making difficult strides since the second half of the 19th century