用Ｘ－射线衍射分析仪和电化学测试方法研究不同农业利用方式对湘南第四纪红壤母质及其发育土壤的粘粒矿物组成和表面电荷特性的影响。结果表明，湘南第四纪红壤母质的矿物组成以高岭石为主，其次是１．４ｎｍ过渡矿物。经过人为耕种尤其在水田条件下，土壤粘粒中蛭石和水云母的含量增加，铁的活化度增大。土壤表面电荷数量和电荷零点也发生相应改变，土壤肥力得到改善。 The effects of different agricultural modes of use on the clay mineral composition and surface charge characteristics of Quaternary red soils parental soils and their developing soils in Southern Hunan were investigated by X-ray diffraction and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the mineral composition of Quaternary red soil parent material is mainly kaolinite, followed by 1.4nm transitional mineral. After human cultivation, especially in paddy fields, the content of vermiculite and hydrous mica in soil clay increased, and the activation of iron increased. The amount of soil surface charge and charge zero also changed correspondingly, and soil fertility was improved.