分散剂是处理海上溢油的主要手段之一，它包含的化学成分能减少溢油和水之间的表面张力，对油膜产生破碎和分散作用，进而使油进入水体中形成水包油乳状液，加速了油膜在海上的扩散和风化过程。为进一步研制和应用该产品，本文详细叙述了分散剂的扩散机理、发展历史、组成及应用，并对已研制的消油剂产品性能、应用特点等进行阐述。 Dispersants are one of the major means of treating oil spills at sea. They contain chemical ingredients that reduce the surface tension between oil spills and water, and cause fragmentation and dispersion of the oil film, which in turn causes oil to enter the water to form an oil-in-water emulsion , Accelerating the oil film in the sea of ​​diffusion and weathering process. In order to further develop and apply this product, this paper describes in detail the diffusion mechanism, development history, composition and application of dispersant, and expounds the properties and application characteristics of dispersant products.