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目的研究小学生近视患病情况的影响因素。方法采用多级整群抽样法抽取2008年北京市9个区县1年级到6年级的小学生3 852名,进行横断面调查,调查内容包括电脑验光检查和问卷调查。结果男生患近视的风险比女生低(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.68~0.90);父母都不近视的学生患近视的风险比父母都近视的学生低(OR=0.34,95%CI:0.28~0.42);在学习中经常主动休息的学生患近视的风险比不能主动休息的学生的低(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.71~0.94);不经常揉眼睛的学生患近视的风险比经常揉眼睛的学生低(OR=1.31,95%CI:0.96~1.80)。结论可通过加强健康宣传教育结合重点人群(父母患近视的学生)进行干预,养成良好的用眼习惯,注意眼部卫生,学会主动休息减少用眼负担来降低小学生近视的患病率。
Objective To study the influencing factors of pupils’ myopia prevalence. Methods A total of 3 852 pupils from grade 1 to grade 6 in 9 districts and counties of Beijing in 2008 were sampled by multistage cluster sampling, and the cross-sectional investigation was conducted. The investigation included computer optometry and questionnaire. Results The incidence of myopia in boys was lower than that in girls (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68-0.90). Students with no myopia had a lower risk of myopia than those with both myopia and parents (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.28 ~ 0.42). Students who took frequent active rest during study had a lower risk of myopia than those who could not take the initiative to rest (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.94). Students who did not rub their eyes often had a lower risk of myopia than usual Students rubbing their eyes low (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.80). Conclusions The prevalence of myopia among primary school students can be reduced by strengthening the health education and public health education combined with the key population (parents suffering from myopia) to make good eye habits, pay attention to eye health and learn to take the initiative to rest and reduce the eye burden.