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我国通过立法确立了专属经济区法律制度和地位,在专属经济区立法、执法、资源勘探养护、渔业管理、航运管理、海洋科技、海洋环境生态保护等方面进行了大量实践。主要介绍了我国专属经济区立法、执法、管理机构、渔业资源管理、海洋环境保护、海洋科学研究等方面的实践,并探讨了这些方面存在的问题。为提高我国专属经济区管理水平,更好地保障海洋权益,我国应加强争议岛礁和区域的管理和实际控制;尽快完善相关的法律法规;完善专属经济区管理体制;加强执法队伍建设,推进海上执法力量统一;着力推进海洋科技事业发展和海洋资源利用与养护。
China has established the legal system and status of the exclusive economic zone through legislation, and has carried out a large number of practices in legislation, law enforcement, resources exploration and conservation, fishery management, shipping management, marine science and technology, marine environment and ecological protection in the exclusive economic zone. It mainly introduces the practice of legislation, law enforcement, management agencies, fishery resources management, marine environmental protection and marine scientific research in China’s exclusive economic zone, and discusses the problems in these aspects. In order to improve the management level of the exclusive economic zone in our country and protect the rights and interests of the oceans better, our country should strengthen the management and actual control over the disputed islands and reefs and regions; perfect the relevant laws and regulations as soon as possible; improve the management system of exclusive economic zones; strengthen the construction of law enforcement ranks and promote Unification of maritime law enforcement forces; efforts to promote the development of marine science and technology and marine resources utilization and conservation.