首先,作为全国性课程的8门所谓的学科性课程,已并非旧概念上的纯学科性课程。以地理课为例,它包括地质学、自然地理学、区域经济、旅游业、种族与文化等方面的知识。数学课包括理论数学和应用数学等宽泛的知识。体育课包含卫生保健、竞技技能、游戏、旅行等不同的方面。美术课包括博物馆知识、画廊制度、美术家与作品、美术工作的材料及技 First of all, the eight so-called disciplinary courses as national courses are not purely subject-oriented courses in the old concepts. Taking geography as an example, it includes knowledge of geology, physical geography, regional economy, tourism, ethnicity, and culture. Math classes include broad knowledge such as theoretical mathematics and applied mathematics. Physical education includes different aspects such as health care, athletic skills, games, and travel. Art classes include museum knowledge, galleries, artists and works, materials and techniques for art work