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目的了解山东省蝇类组成、季节消长及不同月份、不同生境蝇类种群的多样性特征,为蝇类的防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用笼诱法,以糖、食醋、水混合作为诱饵,4-11月调查蝇类密度和种群。多样性的测定采用多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数。结果 2011-2013年,山东省蝇类优势种为家蝇、丝光绿蝇和大头金蝇。蝇类总体的季节消长情况呈单峰型曲线,蝇密度高峰期在6-9月,最高峰出现在7月份。从不同月份的多样性测定看,2012年6月多样性指数最大和4月均匀度指数最大,分别为1.816和0.863;而2011-2013年11月优势度指数均为同年中最大值,其中2012年11月为3年中最大,为0.769。从不同环境的多样性测定方面,2011年农贸市场多样性指数和居民区中均匀度指数最高,分别为1.852和0.755;2012年餐饮外环境中优势度指数最高,为0.533。结论物种多样性指数(多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数)可反映蝇类群落特征和物种多样性特征,结果为了解山东省蝇种群分布以及预防蝇类危害提供了基础数据,从而达到控制传染病发生与流行的目的。
Objective To understand the composition and seasonal variation of flies in Shandong Province and the diversity of flies populations in different habitats in different months and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of flies. Methods Cage induction method was used as bait with sugar, vinegar and water as the bait, and the flies density and population were investigated from April to November. Diversity was measured using diversity index, evenness index and dominance index. Results From 2011 to 2013, dominant species of flies in Shandong Province were housefly, green flies and golden flies. The overall seasonal fluctuation of flies showed a unimodal curve, with the peak of flies density in June-September and the highest peak in July. Judging from the diversity of different months, the largest diversity index in June 2012 and the largest in April evenness index were 1.816 and 0.863 respectively, while the highest in the same year from 2011 to November 2013, with 2012 The year of November is the largest in three years, at 0.769. In terms of the diversity of different environments, the index of diversity of farmers’ markets and the evenness index of residential areas were the highest in 2011, at 1.852 and 0.755 respectively. In 2012, the dominance index of catering outside environment was the highest at 0.533. Conclusions The species diversity index (diversity index, evenness index and dominance index) can reflect the characteristics of flies community and species diversity. The results provide the basic data for understanding the distribution of flies in Shandong Province and the prevention of flies. Control the occurrence and epidemic of infectious diseases.