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目的查明传染来源和可能的传播途径,为有效控制疫情提供科学依据。方法根据暴发调查步骤建立病例定义开展病例搜索、调查,描述病例三间分布,初步得出危险因素假设;开展卫生学调查,设计调查表开展病例对照研究,寻找该次疫情的危险因素,明确暴发原因。结果该次暴发疫情搜索到76例菌痢临床诊断病例,均为4~6年级住校生,罹患率为24.4%。食堂餐具无消毒措施,该次疫情可能是由健康带菌者污染餐具引起的暴发,住宿条件差,接触传播是发病另一个可能的危险因素。结论该次疫情暴露出学校食堂卫生监督、病例管理和校舍管理方面存在的不足,因此,在重视教学和安全管理同时,加强学校群发性疾病的风险评估和风险管理工作刻不容缓。
Objective To identify sources of infection and possible routes of transmission and provide a scientific basis for effective control of the outbreak. Methods According to the outbreak investigation step to establish the case definition to carry out the case search, investigation and description of the three cases of the distribution, the initial risk factor hypothesis; to carry out health surveys, design questionnaires to carry out case-control study, looking for the epidemic risk factors, a clear outbreak the reason. Results The outbreak of 76 cases of bacterial diarrhea clinical diagnosis of cases were found, were 4 to 6-year resident students, the attack rate was 24.4%. Canteen tableware without disinfection measures, the outbreak may be caused by contamination of tableware caused by health carriers outbreaks, poor accommodation, contact transmission is another possible risk factors. Conclusion The outbreak of the epidemic has revealed the shortcomings in the health supervision, case management and school management of school canteens. Therefore, while stressing on teaching and safety management, it is imperative to strengthen the risk assessment and risk management of school-based cluster disease.