资本利润率本质上取决于资本的相对稀缺性,而后者既取决于资本相对于劳动力的数量,也取决于技术水平,具体而言就是技术节约劳动的程度。随着全社会的资本积累及相应的资本相对数量的提高,为保持资本回报水平,资本家将被诱导进行劳动节约型技术进步。此类技术进步在增强资本稀缺性的同时,会触发一系列的负反馈制约机制,从而使得资本稀缺性从长期看处于相对的自稳定水平。发达国资本稀缺性得以稳定维持的机制,除了劳动节约型技术进步外,还包括发达国资本向资本稀缺性较高的发展中国家的流动、发达国资本对绝对稀缺性自然资源的所有权控制等。政府的财产再分配政策、政府对绝对稀缺性自然资源的控制是缓解资本禀赋不均、资本与劳动收入不均的不二选择。 The rate of return on capital is essentially determined by the relative scarcity of capital, which depends on the amount of capital relative to the labor force and also on the skill level, specifically the degree to which labor is economically conserved. With the accumulation of capital in the whole society and the corresponding increase in the relative amount of capital, in order to maintain the level of return on capital, capitalists will be induced to make labor-saving technological progress. Such technological advances, while enhancing the scarcity of capital, trigger a series of negative feedback control mechanisms, making the scarcity of capital a relatively self-stabilizing level in the long run. In addition to labor-saving technological progress, the mechanism of stable capital scarcity in developed countries also includes the flow of developed countries to developing countries with high capital scarcity, the control of ownership by developed country capitals of absolutely scarce natural resources, etc. . Government’s policy of redistribution of property, the government’s control over the absolute scarcity of natural resources is the only choice to ease the inequality of capital endowment and the unequal income from capital and labor.