目的观察新生儿脐血单个核细胞(CBMCs)Th1/Th2细胞因子的表达,探讨家族过敏史和过敏原刺激对健康足月新生儿Th1/Th2细胞偏移的影响。方法健康足月新生儿30名,家族过敏史阳性组(AD组)及阴性组(对照组)各15名,分离CBMCs,经不同浓度的粉尘螨刺激后,用ELISA法检测培养上清中白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和γ-干扰素(IFNγ-)的含量。结果 (1)低浓度粉尘螨刺激后,与对照组相比,AD组IL-4显著增高,IFNγ-显著降低(均P<0.01);(2)高浓度粉尘螨刺激后,与对照组相比,AD组IL-4显著增高(P<0.01),但IFNγ-无明显变化(P>0.05)。(3)对两组新生儿随访观察1年,AD组过敏性疾病发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论母亲有家族过敏史的新生儿,CBMCs呈现Th2相对优势,提示家族过敏史对新生儿Th1/Th2平衡存在影响。 Objective To observe the expression of Th1 / Th2 cytokines in neonatal umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and investigate the influence of family history of allergy and allergen stimulation on the migration of Th1 / Th2 cells in healthy full-term neonates. Methods Thirty healthy full-term newborns, 15 AD-positive group and 15 negative control group were divided into two groups. CBMCs were isolated and stimulated with dust mite at different concentrations. The leukocytes Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFNγ-) content. Results (1) Compared with the control group, IL-4 in AD group was significantly increased (P <0.01); (2) After stimulated with high concentration of dust mite, Compared with control group, IL-4 in AD group was significantly increased (P <0.01), but there was no significant change in IFNγ-level (P> 0.05). (3) The incidence of allergic diseases in AD group was significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The mothers have a history of familial allergies in newborns, CBMCs showed Th2 relative advantage, suggesting that the history of familial allergy affects the balance of Th1 / Th2 neonates.