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先秦《管子·明法解》中已出现“程式”一词,20世纪20年代余上沅所编《国剧运动》一书,把“程式”一词正式用作戏曲艺术特征的概念词语。“程式”的内涵主要包括方式方法、造型材料两个部分,这其中方式方法是“程式”的本质属性。“程式”中那些稳定的内容组合,如行当演技,具有表现的特性;另一方面,体验的方法也深深植根于“程式”之中。在程式的审美追求中,表演者能力与魅力的体现是诸多追求的归结,它使人们欣赏到创作者“外师造化,中得心源”的能力所在。
The word “program” appeared in “Guan Ming Ming Fa Xie” in the pre-Qin period, and the “National Opera Movement” by Yuan Shang in 1920s formally used the word “program” as the conceptual term of the artistic feature of opera. The connotation of “program” includes two parts: the method and the modeling material, of which the method is the essential property of “program”. Stable content combinations in the program, such as business acting, have performance characteristics; on the other hand, the experience is deeply rooted in the “program.” In the program’s aesthetic pursuit, the embodiment of the performer’s ability and charisma is the result of many pursuits. It enables people to appreciate the ability of the creator to “create good fortune and gain the heart”