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全球化背景下,国际贸易对具有不同专业化分工的国家影响有所差异,对此进行研究有重要的理论及现实意义。基于此,以产业分工存在显著差异的中日两国为研究对象,在2007年中日国际投入产出表的基础上引入Ti VA及Ti CE指标,对比分析中日贸易的经济效应与碳排放效应。结果显示:1日本经济的价值创造能力要明显强于中国,尤其是制造业部门;中日两国经济增长机制存在显著差异,劳动者报酬及固定资产折旧对中国增加值贡献率较低;垂直分工水平越高的行业,中日两国的增加值系数越低且两者差距越大。2中国多数行业的CO2直接排放系数均高于日本,生产技术水平相对较低。3在产业分工中,日本主要负责核心零部件的生产,而中国承担了大量处于产业链下游的组装加工环节及一些资源密集型活动,因此总体上双方贸易对日本的经济效应更高,但对中国碳排放的影响更大;且对于分工越精细、产业链越长、资本与技术越密集的行业,如装备制造业等,中国的增加值出口优势就越不明显。基于上述研究,对国际碳排放责任的界定进行了初步探讨,并对未来中国产业结构调整的方向及工作重点提出了建议。
Under the background of globalization, the impact of international trade on countries with different specializations is different, and research on this issue has important theoretical and practical significance. Based on this, taking China and Japan, which have significant differences in industrial division of labor, as the research object, based on the international input-output tables of China and Japan in 2007, the Ti VA and Ti CE indices are introduced to compare the economic effects and carbon emissions of Sino-Japanese trade effect. The results show that: 1 Japan’s economy has a significantly higher value-creating ability than China, especially the manufacturing sector. There are significant differences in economic growth mechanisms between China and Japan, with laborers’ remuneration and depreciation of fixed assets contributing less to China’s value added. The higher the division of labor in the industry, the lower the value added value of China and Japan and the greater the difference between the two. 2 The direct CO2 emission coefficients of most industries in China are higher than those in Japan, and the production technology is relatively low. 3 In the industrial division of labor, Japan is mainly responsible for the production of core components, while China undertakes a large number of assembly and processing activities and some resource-intensive activities at the lower reaches of the industrial chain. As a result, the overall economic effect of the bilateral trade on Japan is higher, China has a greater impact on carbon emissions. And the more differentiated the labor division, the longer the industrial chain, the more intensive the capital and technology industries, such as equipment manufacturing, the less obvious the export advantage of China’s added value. Based on the above research, the author defines the definition of international carbon emissions and makes some suggestions on the direction and priorities of China’s industrial restructuring.