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本文提出了一种基于自适应分子分解的地层吸收补偿方法。该方法能有效克服时频域地层吸收补偿方法中局部分析时窗端点反射子波截断和窗内子波重叠干涉对补偿效果带来的影响。该方法具体实现如下:首先根据地震信号振幅谱的时变特性,构造一组自适应分子标架,将地震信号变换到时频域;然后在时频域提取每个时窗内地震信号振幅谱的慢变分量(时变子波振幅谱);再在每个时窗内,利用相关系数构造目标函数,反演吸收补偿滤波器参数,得到吸收补偿滤波器;接着用吸收补偿滤波器对各时窗内信号的时频谱进行补偿,最后重构补偿后的时频系数,得到补偿后的地震记录。自适应分子分解的引入,使得本文方法可用于含有薄层(或薄互层)的非均匀粘弹性介质反射地震记录的地层吸收补偿。文中给出了模型及实际资料算例,验证了本文提出的方法的有效性。
In this paper, a strata absorption compensation method based on adaptive molecular decomposition is proposed. This method can effectively overcome the influence of partial analysis of the time-window reflection wave cutoff and the overlapped interference of the window intra-window wave on the compensation effect in the time-frequency domain absorption compensation method. The method is specifically as follows: Firstly, according to the time-varying characteristics of the amplitude spectrum of the seismic signal, a set of adaptive molecular frames are constructed to transform the seismic signal into the time-frequency domain. Then the amplitude spectrum of the seismic signal in each time window is extracted (Time-varying wavelet amplitude spectrum). In each time window, the correlation function is used to construct the objective function and the absorption compensation filter parameters are inverted to obtain the absorption compensation filter. Then, the absorption compensation filter The time-frequency spectrum of the signal in the time window is compensated, and finally the compensated time-frequency coefficient is reconstructed to obtain the compensated seismic record. The introduction of adaptive molecular decomposition allows the proposed method to be applied to the strata absorption compensation of seismic reflection inhomogeneous viscoelastic media with thin layers (or thin interbed). In this paper, an example of the model and the actual data is given, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.