目的探讨神经素(neuritin)对糖尿病大鼠雪旺细胞凋亡的影响。方法 5只SD大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病模型,另选5只SD大鼠为正常对照,测定大鼠坐骨神经传导速度(MNCV)。从大鼠坐骨神经提取雪旺细胞,分为高糖实验组(A组)、正糖对照组(B组)和高渗甘露醇对照组(C组)。采用实时定量PCR检测雪旺细胞中神经素mRNA表达,流式细胞术检测雪旺细胞的凋亡情况。结果糖尿病大鼠MNCV慢于正常大鼠[(24.40±7.16)m/s vs.(35.60±6.27)m/s](P<0.05)。与B组和C组相比,A组雪旺细胞中神经素mRNA表达降低,而细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.05)。经外源性神经素0、1和100ng/ml处理后,A组雪旺细胞凋亡率呈剂量依赖地下降(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病外周神经病变状态下,雪旺细胞神经素表达降低、凋亡增加,而外源性神经素可抑制雪旺细胞凋亡。 Objective To investigate the effect of neuritin on apoptosis of Schwann cells in diabetic rats. Methods Five SD rats were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally to establish a diabetic model. Five SD rats were selected as normal control and sciatic nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) was measured. Schwann cells were extracted from rat sciatic nerve and divided into high glucose group (group A), positive sugar group (group B) and hypertonic mannitol group (group C). The mRNA expression of neuron in Schwann cells was detected by real-time PCR, and the apoptosis of Schwann cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results MNCV in diabetic rats was slower than that in normal rats [(24.40 ± 7.16) m / s vs. (35.60 ± 6.27) m / s] (P <0.05). Compared with group B and group C, neuronal mRNA expression in group A was decreased and apoptosis rate was increased (P <0.05). Apoptosis rate of Schwann cells in group A decreased in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.05) after treatment with exogenous neurotrophin at 0, 1 and 100 ng / ml. Conclusion Under the condition of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, the expression of neuronal neurons in Schwann cells is decreased and apoptosis is increased. Exogenous neuron can inhibit the apoptosis of Schwann cells.