Objective: To investigate the effects of Erzhi Pill (二至丸,,EZP) on nerve cell apoptosis iinn senescence model rats.Methods: The rats model of senescence was established by peritoneal D-galactose injection combined with thymusectomy.Forty SD rats were randomized into four groups,the normal control group,the senescence model group,the EZP treated group,and the vitamins treated group,10 in each group.The rats were made into senescence model except those in the normal group.In the same time of D-galactose injection,the rats were treated respectively with distilled water,EZP 4.32 g/kg,and vitamins E and C 0.06 g/kg daily for 6 weeks via intragastric infusion.The index of main viscera (as brain,testis,etc.),serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,and total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) were measured after a 6-week treatment.Meanwhile,the cerebral cortex neuronal apoptosis proportion and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry.Results: Both EZP and vitamins E and C treatments showed effects on increasing testis index and serum level of T-AOC,reducing the percentage of neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex,and elevating MMP in the aging rats model.Conclusions: EZP could inhibit the cerebral cortex neuron apoptosis and maintain the mitochondrial function in the senescent process of rats induced by peritoneal D-galactose injection combined with thymusectomy.It also shows antioxidation effect to some extents. Objective: To investigate the effects of Erzhi Pill on nerve cell apoptosis iinn senescence model rats. Methods: The rats model of senescence was established by peritoneal D-galactose injection combined with thymusectomy. Forty SD rats were randomized into four groups, the normal control group, the senescence model group, the EZP treated group, and the vitamins treated group, 10 in each group. The rats were made into senescence model except those in the normal group. the same time of D -galactose injection, the rats were treated individually with distilled water, EZP 4.32 g / kg, and vitamins E and C 0.06 g / kg daily for 6 weeks via intragastric infusion. The index of main viscera (as brain, testis, etc.) , the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) were measured after a 6-week treatment. Meanwhile, the cerebral cortex neuronal apoptosis proportion and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry.Results: Both EZ P and vitamins E and C treatments showed effects on increasing testis index and serum level of T-AOC, reducing the percentage of neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex, and elevating MMP in the aging rats model. Conclusions: EZP could inhibit the cerebral cortex neuron apoptosis and maintain the mitochondrial function in the senescent process of rats induced by peritoneal D-galactose injection combined with thymusectomy. Still also shows antioxidant effect to some extents.