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金字塔型人才结构是印度软件产业高速发展的内在动力,但该结构是否适用于中国及其在企业层面的具体表现缺乏实证检验。本文首先对《中国电子信息产业统计年鉴》(软件篇)2010~2012年的面板数据进行了分析,发现我国产业结构为金字塔型,而从业人员学历结构为橄榄型;随后对某软件培训机构学员的人口统计学数据进行了分析(N=272),发现软件行业中员工学历可以作为其所在人才结构层级的预测指标;最后,通过对我国94家软件上市企业的面板数据进行的分析,发现具有橄榄形人才结构的软件上市企业,其净资产收益率显著高于具有金字塔形人才结构的企业;软件产业整体的人才结构应为1:4:6的金字塔形,但现阶段我国高收益软件上市企业人才结构为1:6:5的橄榄形。
The pyramid-type talent structure is the internal driving force behind the rapid development of the software industry in India. However, whether this structure is suitable for China or its performance at the enterprise level lacks an empirical test. This paper first analyzes the panel data of China Statistical Yearbook of Electronic Information Industry (software articles) from 2010 to 2012 and finds that the industrial structure in our country is pyramid type, while the educational structure of practitioners is olive type. Then, to the students of a software training institute (N = 272). It is found that the academic record of employees in the software industry can be used as a predictor of the level of talent structure. Finally, by analyzing the panel data of 94 software listed companies in China, we find that Olive Talent structure of the software-listed companies, the return on net assets was significantly higher than the pyramid-shaped talent structure of the enterprise; the overall talent structure of the software industry should be 1: 4: 6 pyramid shape, but at this stage of China’s high-yield software market Enterprise talent structure is 1: 6: 5 olive-shaped.