国家安全思想是中国古代思想史的重要主题,治国安邦之论是中国古代国家安全思想的重要内容。运用当代国家安全理论框架来分析,中国古代思想家在构成国家安全的诸多要素中,始终把政治安全放在第一位,一切以维护统治者的政权安全为转移;在思考影响和危害国家安全的因素时,既重人祸也讲天灾,既讲外患更重内忧;在思考国家安全保障问题时,非常重视一些重要关系的处理,例如在备与患、预与立的关系上重视未雨绸缪、有备无患、有预而立;在文与武、礼与兵的关系上强调文武并举,更倡导先礼后兵,个别情况下还走向了修文偃武的极端;在安内与攘外的关系上注意内外兼顾,但也有“守内虚外”的传统;在进攻与防御的关系上具有以防御为主导的特征;在用兵与用间的关系上强调军事行动要知己知彼,重视情报的运用;在刚柔、软硬、宽猛等关系上,既讲究刚柔相济、软硬兼施、宽猛交用,更强调礼治、仁治、德治等柔性政策的根本性作用。 The ideology of national security is an important theme of the history of ancient Chinese thought. The theory of “peace and security by country” is an important part of the ideology of national security in ancient China. Using the framework of contemporary national security theory, the ancient Chinese thinkers have always placed political security in the first place among the many elements that constitute national security. They have all followed the example of safeguarding the rulers’ political rights. In considering the factors that affect and endanger national security, When we consider the issue of national security, we attach great importance to the handling of some important relations. For example, we should take precautions in preparing for and suffering from diseases and pre-emption and prepare ourselves for the future. In the context of the relationship between the military and the armed forces, courtesy and military emphasis on both civil and military, but also advocate the first ceremony after the soldiers, in individual cases also went to the extreme Xiuwu Xiuwu; in the relationship between Inner Mongolia and Inner Mongolia pay attention both inside and outside, but there are “Defending the inside and outside the” tradition; in the relationship between offensive and defensive characteristics of a defense-oriented; in the military and the relationship between the use of emphasis on military action to know ourselves, attention to the use of intelligence; in the soft, soft Hard and lenient, emphasizing both the rigid and the soft, the combination of hard and soft, the more fierce and violent, and the more emphasis on the fundamental role of flexible policies such as rule of rites, benevolence and virtue.