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目的 了解出生缺陷高发区与低发区孕早期妇女叶酸知信行状况。 方法 采用横断面调查与对比研究 ,对出生缺陷高发与低发 4个地区共 15 5 4名孕早期妇女的叶酸知识的了解情况、服用叶酸增补剂的态度及叶酸增补剂服用情况进行了问卷调查。 结果 出生缺陷高发区孕早期妇女听说过叶酸的比例 (农村 2 2 .7%、城市 6 0 .7% )、知道叶酸预防神经管畸形作用的比例 (农村18.1%、城市 5 1.5 % ) ,低于出生缺陷低发区妇女 (农村 85 .1%、城市 85 .6 % ;农村、城市 76 .1% ) ;对于叶酸增补剂最佳服用时期 ,高发区农村孕早期妇女知晓率为 16 .3%、城市为 35 .9% ,低于出生缺陷低发区 (农村 6 8.2 %、城市 6 8.8% ) ;出生缺陷高发区妇女认为有必要服用叶酸增补剂的比例 (农村 2 0 .4 %、城市 5 0 .7% )远低于出生缺陷低发区 (农村 76 .1%、城市 79.7% ) ;出生缺陷高发区城市与农村妇女叶酸增补剂服用率仅为 8.5 %和 31.1% ,低于出生缺陷低发区 (农村6 3.4 %、城市 6 7.5 % )。 结论 出生缺陷高发区孕早期妇女叶酸知识缺乏 ,叶酸增补剂服用率低。应通过健康教育和宣传 ,提高出生缺陷高发区育龄妇女对叶酸的认识和增补率
Objective To understand the prevalence of folic acid in pregnant women with high birth incidence and low birth incidence in early pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional survey and comparative study were conducted to investigate the prevalence of folic acid in 154 pregnant women in four areas with high and low incidence of birth defects, the attitude of taking folic acid supplements and the taking of folic acid supplements . Results The proportion of folic acid heard by follicles in early stage women with high incidence of birth defects (27.7% in rural areas and 60.7% in urban areas) in the first trimester of pregnancy, the proportion of folic acid in prevention of neural tube defects (18.1% in rural areas and 51.5% in urban areas) (85.1% in rural areas, 85.6% in urban areas and 76.1% in urban areas). For the optimal taking of folic acid supplements, the awareness rate among rural pregnant women in high incidence areas was 16. 3% in urban areas, 35.9% in urban areas, lower than those with low incidence of birth defects (6 8.2% in rural areas and 6 8.8% in urban areas). The proportion of women with follicles in high incidence of birth defects who think it is necessary to take folic acid supplements (20.4% , Urban 57.7%) is far below the low incidence of birth defects (76.1% in rural areas, urban 79.7%); urban areas and rural women with high birth defects folic acid supplements take up only 8.5% and 31.1%, low In areas with low birth defects (3.4% in rural areas and 6.5% in urban areas). Conclusions In the first trimester of pregnancy, the women with high birth defects lack of knowledge of folic acid and the taking rate of folic acid supplementation is low. Health education and publicity should raise awareness of folic acid and supplement rate among women of childbearing age at high incidence of birth defects