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【目的】调查山东省农村青少年逆境及累积逆境的现状。【方法】采用方便抽样的方法,对山东省东、中、西部六个地区的1 200名农村青少年进行问卷调查,问卷主要包括一般资料问卷和青少年逆境调查问卷(包括家庭逆境、社区逆境、学校逆境和个体逆境四个方面)。【结果】考试紧张焦虑(51.7%)、父母物质滥用(34.8%)、目击交通事故(33.5%)、自己曾患病(31.6%)以及老师的言语伤害(29.8%)位居青少年逆境前五位,且家庭逆境平均发生次数要高于社区、学校和个体逆境的平均发生次数(P<0.01)。农村青少年累积逆境的发生率为79.6%,且男女发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.10,P<0.05),仅有6.6%的青少年未曾遭遇逆境。不同性别间在兄弟姐妹不和睦、考试紧张焦虑、性虐待、目击火灾及交通事故上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。【结论】农村青少年普遍存在逆境,且累积逆境较常见。应该重视农村青少年健康成长的不同环境,采取积极措施避免和减少影响青少年身心健康发展的逆境。
【Objective】 To investigate the status quo of adversity and adversity of rural adolescents in Shandong province. 【Method】 A total of 1,200 rural adolescents in six regions of eastern, central and western Shandong Province were surveyed by means of convenient sampling. The questionnaire mainly included general information questionnaire and adolescent adversity questionnaire (including family adversity, community adversity, school Adversity and individual adversities four aspects). [Results] Tense anxiety (51.7%), substance abuse (34.8%), sightseeing accident (33.5%), illness (31.6%) and speech injury (29.8%) of teachers were among the top 5 adolescents The mean number of home adversities was higher than that of community, school and individual adversity (P <0.01). The cumulative incidence of adolescent adolescents in rural areas was 79.6%, and there was a statistically significant difference between male and female (χ2 = 4.10, P <0.05). Only 6.6% of adolescents never experienced adversity. There were significant differences in sibling displeasure, test anxiety, sexual abuse, sighting fire and traffic accident between different genders (P <0.05 or <0.01). 【Conclusion】 Adverse adversities prevail among rural adolescents and accumulative adversities are more common. We should attach importance to the healthy development of rural adolescents in different environments and take active measures to avoid and reduce the adversities that affect the mental and physical health of adolescents.