随着近代科技和生产的迅速发展和需要,以及工程技术的复杂化、大型化和精确化,经济计划与管理的科学化和综合化等,都需要最优化决策,以获得最佳经济效果。最优化方法大致可分为静态和动态两种。如线性规划、非线性规划、整数规划和目标规划等属于静态最优化方法,它是研究系统在相对静止、平衡条件下的最优化决策,其中不包括时间因素。例如,在一定时期和范围内,对自然资源的合理利用,农林牧产业最优布局 With the rapid development and needs of modern science and technology and production, as well as the complexity, enlargement and precision of engineering and technology, and the scientification and integration of economic planning and management, all need to optimize the decision-making in order to obtain the best economic results. Optimization methods can be roughly divided into static and dynamic two. Such as linear programming, nonlinear programming, integer programming and goal planning belong to the static optimization method, which is to study the system in a relatively static, equilibrium conditions, the optimal decision, which does not include the time factor. For example, within a certain period and range, the rational use of natural resources, the optimal layout of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and industry