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目的了解医院感染现患率状况,为医院感染的防控提供对策。方法对2009年、2010年与2011年3次医院感染现患率调查结果进行分析。结果 2011年医院感染现患率为3.68%,与2009年的3.19%和2010年的3.69%比较,三者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。下呼吸道感染现患率由2.09%降至1.11%,泌尿道感染现患率由0.37%上升至1.23%,手术部位感染现患率由0.12%上升至0.78%。抗菌药物使用率由47.54%降至31.77%(P<0.005);一联、二联、三联及以上用药构成比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗+预防用药构成比由8.59%升至15.25%(P<0.05),预防用药构成比由34.38%降至23.86%(P<0.01)。医院感染病原体以革兰阴性菌为主,其次为革兰阳性菌和真菌。结论掌握医院感染的发生部位、感染危险因素和联合使用抗菌药物关系,可有效防控医院感染的发生,促进医院管理改进。
Objective To understand the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections and provide measures for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Methods The prevalence of nosocomial infections in 2009, 2010 and 2011 were analyzed. Results The prevalence of nosocomial infection in 2011 was 3.68%, which was not significantly different from 3.19% in 2009 and 3.69% in 2010 (P> 0.05). The prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection decreased from 2.09% to 1.11%, the prevalence of urinary tract infections increased from 0.37% to 1.23%, and the prevalence of surgical site infections rose from 0.12% to 0.78%. (P <0.005). There was no significant difference in the composition of antibacterials between 47.54% and 31.77% (P <0.005) To 15.25% (P <0.05), and the prophylactic dosage decreased from 34.38% to 23.86% (P <0.01). The main pathogens of nosocomial infection are Gram-negative bacteria, followed by Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Conclusions Grasp the occurrence of nosocomial infection, risk factors of infection and the relationship between antibiotics and antibiotics can effectively prevent and control nosocomial infections and promote the improvement of hospital management.