主动脉弓是一段几何形态和显微结构非常复杂的管道系统，血管的几何形态和显微结构决定了它的力学性质和血流动力学特点。在生长、衰老和疾病的过程中，血管均发生重建。血管结构的重建必然导致其生物力学性质和血流动力学特点的改变。本文针对主动脉弓的几何形态、显微结构以及在生长、衰老和疾病过程中，主动脉弓重建的特点进行综述。 Aortic arch is a very complicated geometry and microstructure of the pipeline system, vascular geometry and microstructure determines its mechanical properties and hemodynamic characteristics. During growth, aging and disease, blood vessels are rebuilt. The reconstruction of the vascular structure will inevitably lead to changes in its biomechanical properties and hemodynamic characteristics. In this paper, the aortic arch geometry, microstructure and the characteristics of aortic arch reconstruction in the process of growth, aging and disease are reviewed.