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目的了解中原地区农民居住以及生活环境条件,为环境综合治理提供依据。方法于2010—2011年对中原地区3省7个县区560户农村家庭采用现场观察和入户调查的方式,调查垃圾、污水处理、水源及饮用水、厕所等环境卫生状况及相关因素。结果 28.2%(158/560)的家庭庭院整体卫生状况较好;59.8%(335/560)的庭院有散养的家禽家畜,30.2%(169/560)的院落中可见禽畜粪便;58.2%(326/560)的家庭随意堆放生活垃圾,47.9%(268/560)的家庭随意倾倒生活污水,20.7%(116/560)的家庭将污水直接倒入水沟和河流。调查农户以生物质燃料(木材、秸秆等)和煤为主要炊用燃料,分别占61.3%(343/560)和40.4%(226/560)。66.8%(374/560)的家庭为分散式取水,饮用浅层地下水,其中65.9%(369/560)的水井距厕所距离在20m之内,31.6%(177/560)的水井距水塘、池塘距离在50 m之内。调查农户厕所简陋,其中25.9%(145/560)没有顶棚,43.8%(245/560)未清理干净。结论应加强调查地区改水改厕和垃圾污水处理,改善环境卫生状况。
Objective To understand the living and living conditions of peasants in the Central Plains and provide the basis for the comprehensive management of the environment. Methods From 2010 to 2011, 560 rural households from 7 counties in three provinces of the Central Plains were surveyed by means of on-site observation and household surveys to investigate the environmental health status and related factors of refuse, sewage treatment, water sources, drinking water and toilets. Results 28.2% (158/560) of the domestic courtyards were in better overall health condition. Among them, 59.8% (335/560) of the poultry owned free range poultry and livestock, 30.2% (169/560) (326/560) households randomly disposed domestic garbage, 47.9% (268/560) of households randomly poured domestic sewage and 20.7% (116/560) of households dumped sewage directly into ditches and rivers. The surveyed households made up 61.3% (343/560) and 40.4% (226/560) respectively of biomass fuels (wood, straw, etc.) and coal as main cooking fuels. 66.8% (374/560) of the households took decentralized water intake and drinking shallow groundwater, of which 65.9% (369/560) of the wells were within 20m from the restroom and 31.6% (177/560) of the wells were away from the reservoirs, The pond distance is within 50 m. Investigations of poor rural toilets, of which 25.9% (145/560) did not ceiling, 43.8% (245/560) did not clean up. Conclusions We should step up the investigation of water and sanitation and waste water treatment in the area and improve the environmental sanitation.