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在如今的大多数汉语方言中,来母字读边音[l],但在部分方言中,来母三四等字被读为塞音[d]、[d]、[t]或[t](本文用不带方括号的d统称这类塞音)。从方言分布范围来看,这类音变分布很广,方言类属不同的地方都有这种音变的痕迹,很可能是自然音变的结果。从本文的方言调查和语音实验来看,泉州发音人的来母三四等字有着l和d以及它们中间状态的各种变体,音变仍在进行之中。上海发音人偶然出现[li]变读为[ti]的情况,说明细音前l易变为d,此音变很可能存在于无意识的发音过程中。从生理发音的角度进行分析,l和d调音部位(place of articulation)相同,但调音动作(manner of articulation)不同。我们从辅音和元音间的音渡动程、舌尖活动情况、气流强度和方向之间的关系出发,解释l在细音前易变为d的音变原理。l在细音前易变读为d,为l和d之间的相互转化提供了契机。本文讨论的音变,对侗台语和汉语方言清浊音变圈中d和l双向变化环节的音变原理及过程提供一些具体分析。
In most Chinese dialects today, the mother tongue is used to read a side word [1], but in some dialects the words mother to mother are read as stop [d], [d], [t] or [t ] (This article with d without brackets collectively referred to as such stopper). From the perspective of dialect distribution, this kind of sound changes are widely distributed. Dialects have the traces of such sound changes in different places and are likely to be the result of natural sound changes. From the dialect investigation and phonetic experiment in this article, Quanzhou syllabary has three variants of “l” and “d” and their intermediate states. The sound changes are still going on. [Li] The transliteration [ti] happened occasionally in the Shanghai pronoun, which shows that the former l of the fine syllable becomes d, which is likely to exist in the process of unconscious pronunciation. Analysis from the point of view of physiological pronunciation, l and d place of articulation (place of articulation) the same, but the manner of articulation (manner of articulation) is different. We proceed from the relationship between the phonetic and vowel movements of the consonants and vowels, the activity of the tongue, the intensity of the airflow, and the direction, explaining the principle of the soundtransitory change to d before the fineton. l The variable read as d before syllable provides an opportunity for mutual conversion between l and d. The phonetic variations discussed in this article provide some concrete analyzes of the phonetic changing principles and processes of the two-way changes of d and l in the voiced and unvoiced voiced voiced voiced voices in the Taiwanese and Chinese dialects.