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利用在轨光学相机对空间目标进行跟踪测量,目标相对运动角参数的测量精度决定了空间目标的定轨精度。针对轴系定向原理精度差、天文定向运算量大等问题,提出了基于星图识别的天基光学定向算法。根据空间目标及参考恒星在相机焦平面上成像角的位置关系,利用参考恒星的惯性天球坐标确定目标相对视线的惯性空间角(赤经、赤纬);建立了目标视线角参数观测方程及参数解算优化模型,分析比较了方程组解析、非线性规划两种解算方法的性能,并给出了各方法的应用条件。仿真结果表明:该方法的定向测量精度明显优于轴系定向方法,定向精度提高了一个数量级;且具有计算量小、实用性强、易于在轨应用等特点。
The on-orbit optical camera is used to track and measure the space target. The measurement accuracy of the target relative motion angle parameter determines the orbit accuracy of the space target. Aiming at the problems of poor accuracy of the axial orientation principle and large amount of astronomical orientation, a space-based optical orientation algorithm based on the recognition of the star image is proposed. According to the relationship between the spatial target and the imaging star’s angular position on the focal plane of the camera, the inertial celestial spherical coordinates of the reference star are used to determine the inertial space angle (right ascension and declination) of the target relative line of sight. The observation equations and parameters The optimization model is solved, the performance of two methods of solving equations and nonlinear programming are analyzed and compared, and the application conditions of each method are given. The simulation results show that the proposed method is superior to the axial orientation method in orientation measurement accuracy and the orientation accuracy is improved by one order of magnitude. The method has the advantages of low computational complexity, high practicability and ease of on-orbit application.