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利用太阳能光催化水解制氢是获得清洁、廉价、无污染的氢气最有前景的一种方式。这个过程主要包括三个步骤:太阳光的捕获,电荷分离与转移,催化质子还原产生氢气。其中,大量的研究工作主要集中在前两步,对于第三步的研究则相对较少。然而,共催化剂的引入可以有效促进光催化活性并提高氢气产生速率。共催化剂主要分为贵金属共催化剂和非贵金属共催化剂,其中,贵金属共催化剂有着较高的活性,但是其价格及来源限制了其实际应用,因此开发廉价高效的非贵金属共催化剂非常重要。本文对TiO_2基光解水析氢的非贵金属共催化剂(过渡金属单质及其复合物以及非金属碳基材料)进行了总结,详细讨论了不同共催化剂的作用机理,并对共催化剂的发展方向进行了合理展望。
Hydrogen production by solar photocatalysis is one of the most promising ways to obtain clean, inexpensive and pollution-free hydrogen. This process includes three main steps: capture of sunlight, charge separation and transfer, catalytic proton reduction to produce hydrogen. Among them, a large number of research work mainly concentrated in the first two steps, the third step is relatively small. However, the introduction of co-catalyst can effectively promote the photocatalytic activity and increase the hydrogen production rate. Cocatalysts are mainly divided into precious metal cocatalysts and non-precious metal cocatalysts. Among them, noble metal cocatalysts have high activity, but their price and source have limited their practical application. Therefore, it is very important to develop cheap and efficient non-precious metal cocatalysts. In this paper, the non-noble metal cocatalysts (transition metal elements and their complexes and non-metal carbon-based materials) for the hydrogen evolution of TiO_2-based photolysis were summarized, the mechanism of action of different cocatalysts was discussed in detail, and the development of cocatalysts A reasonable outlook.