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目的分析某起流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征,探讨暴发原因,为提出防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,采集咽拭子标本开展病毒核酸检测,确定疫情的流行强度和暴发原因。结果该次疫情持续约20 d,累计发病53例,罹患率为3.84(53/1380),12例患者咽拭子标本结果为6份甲3型阳性和6份阴性。首发病例及续发病例带病上课、教室无定期通风、同一寝室多班级学生混住和流感疫苗免疫空白是引起本次疫情暴发的主要原因。结论严格执行晨检和因病缺勤追因制度,及时隔离治疗病人,教室和宿舍定期开窗通风,保持室内空气新鲜,加强对学生洗手宣传,养成良好个人卫生习惯,积极推广流感疫苗的预防接种工作,以上综合措施是学校流感疫情防控的有效对策。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a flu outbreak, discuss the causes of outbreak and provide a scientific basis for proposing prevention and control measures. Methods The field epidemiological investigation method was used to collect throat swab specimens for detection of viral nucleic acid and determine the prevalence of the epidemic and the reasons for the outbreak. Results The outbreak lasted for about 20 days. The cumulative incidence was 53 cases (53/1380). Throat swab specimens of 6 out of 12 patients were positive for type 3 and 6 were negative. The first case and cases of recurrence sick class, no regular classroom ventilation, the same dormitory multi-class mix of students and influenza vaccination blank is the main cause of the outbreak. Conclusions Strict implementation of the morning seizure and absence due to illness chase system, promptly isolated treatment of patients, classrooms and dormitories regularly open the window ventilation, to keep the indoor air fresh, strengthen student hand-washing publicity, develop good personal hygiene habits, and actively promote the prevention of influenza vaccine Inoculation, the above comprehensive measures are effective measures to prevent and control school flu outbreak.