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The relationship between different BMPRIB genotypes of Small Tail Han sheep and FSHR and LHR mRNA levels during the oestrum was studied using semiquantitative PCR. The results indicated that FSHR mRNA extracted from the right ovary of BB (1.14 ± 0.11) ewes showed higher levels compared with AA (0.44 ± 0.11) and AB (0.36±0.08) ewes (P ＜ 0.01), and LHR mRNA extracted from the right ovary of BB (0.42±0.02) ewes showed significantly higher levels compared with AA (0.23 ±0.02) and AB (0.25 ±0.04) ewes (P＜0.01); however, the mRNA extracted from the left ovary showed no significant difference in levels among the genotypes during the oestrum. It indicated that the fecundity induced by a mutation of BMPRIB in Small Tail Han sheep may be related to the changes of the mRNA expression of LHR and FSHR in ovary.